Case 3

S hailed PL as the two dinghies approached each other on collision courses. PL then twice hailed ‘Room to tack’, but PW did not respond. PL, now unable to keep clear of S, hailed a third time, and PW then began to tack. At that moment, S, which was then within three feet (1 m) of PL, had to bear away sharply to avoid a collision. PW retired and S protested PL under rule 10. The protest committee disqualified PL observing that, not having had a timely response from PW, she should have used her right to luff and forced PW to tack.

PL appealed, claiming that:

• (1) she had no right to force PW onto the opposite tack;
• (2) even with both of them head to wind, S would still have had to change course to avoid a collision; and
• (3) she had foreseen the development and had hailed PW in ample time.

PL’s appeal is upheld, and she is to be reinstated. Because S was an obstruction to PL and PW, PL, as the right-of-way boat, was entitled under rule 19.2(a) to choose between bearing away and hailing for room to tack (see rule 20.1). Having decided to tack and having hailed for room to do so three times, PL was entitled by rules 20.2(b) and 20.2(c) to expect that PW would respond and give her room to tack. She was not obliged to anticipate PW’s failure to comply with rules 20.2(b) and 20.2(c). PL broke rule 10, but she was exonerated by rule 43.1(a) as the innocent victim of another boat’s breach of a rule.